Origen pioneered a three-level hermeneutic — literal, moral, and mystical — treating parables as symbolic vehicles for divine wisdom. Augustine built on this, reading parables as parabolic veils that the New Testament unlocks, contrasting true allegorical understanding with Jewish literalism. Martin Luther later critiqued both, arguing that their allegorical method drew attention away from "the facts of sacred history and from faith, to the exclusion of these more important things."
"the understandings of all who have received the word of God are virgins...of its purity it imparts to all, who by its teaching have departed from the worship of idols, and have through Christ drawn near to the worship of God" — Origen's allegorical reading of the ten virgins treats the parable as a spiritual lesson on purity and renewal for all who receive God's word.
"the Old Scriptures were expounded in parables, taking rules from these new Scriptures" — Augustine sees the New Testament as the key that unlocks parabolic veils in the Old, positioning allegorical interpretation as essential for recognizing Christ's fulfillment of Scripture.
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