The Reformers' doctrine of Scripture was shaped polemically against two fronts: against Rome's claim that the Church's teaching authority stands over Scripture, and against radical reformers who appealed to the Spirit's direct illumination independently of the written Word. Luther and Calvin agreed that Scripture is self-authenticating (autopistia), clear enough in its essential teachings (perspicuity), and sufficient for all matters of faith and practice (sufficiency) — but insisted that this Scripture must be interpreted according to its grammatical and historical sense within the Church's preaching ministry.
Argues for Scripture's perspicuity against Erasmus's appeal to Church authority for interpretation — "the Scriptures are perfectly clear in themselves" on the matters that count for salvation, even if some passages are obscure.
On the self-authentication of Scripture through the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit — Scripture's authority does not depend on the Church's approval but on the Spirit's witness in the reader's heart, which is why Calvin can challenge Rome's claim to be Scripture's guarantor.
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