How did the early Church teach new believers? (catechesis)

Teaching & Preaching

Researched by the Ignaria Editorial Team · Published 2026-03-12

Early church catechesis began with apostolic public preaching — Tertullian urged new believers to search the Scriptures to confirm salvation's testimony about Christ, while warning against heretics who twisted texts. Cyprian insisted that valid catechesis and baptism occur only within the unified church, rejecting heretical initiation as incapable of conveying saving grace. Clement of Alexandria framed catechesis as formation into the life of Christ, calling converts to "take on the impress of the truly saving life of our Saviour."

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What the primary sources show

"those who flee from the snares of the heretics to the Church must be baptized by us, who are called friends of God" — Cyprian insists that valid catechesis and initiation belong exclusively to the unified church; heretical baptism conveys no saving grace and must be repeated upon reception into the church.

Cyprian, The Treatises of Cyprian

"nurslings of the good Instructor — fulfil the Father's will, listen to the Word, and take on the impress of the truly saving life of our Saviour" — Clement frames catechesis as moral and spiritual formation into the life of Christ, calling converts to pursue deification through imitation of the Lord's walk and conversation.

Clement of Alexandria, Exhortation to the Heathen (c. 190 AD)

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